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"Three Innovations" Exploring New Ways of Modern Agriculture Development
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] This year, 200 counties across the country have carried out pilot projects to reduce fertilizer and increase efficiency, and the total amount of chemical fertilizers has steadily declined. From the southern water town to the northern Xinjiang pasture, from the eastern coastal to the western plateau, agricultural development concept innovation, management system innovation, industrial support innovation, base platform, column beam, changing the traditional production methods, development concepts and technical equipment, Delineating the new path of modern agricultural development.
"Three Innovations" Exploring New Ways of Modern Agriculture Development
In the early winter, the mountain fruit garden of Shibing County, Guizhou Province, kiwi vines green. The fruit farmer in his 60s, Zeng Kui, just sprinkled the green manure seeds and immediately cut them. "The soil is fluffy, in order to make the cockroaches grow, and then with the two-year green manure method, the cost per mus can be 180 yuan." Zeng Chuikui said that if the old method is used, it will easily cause soil compaction, and the quality of crops will be reduced. Nowadays, new technologies have been tried, and the melons grown are big and sweet.
This year, 200 counties across the country have carried out pilot projects for reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency, and the total amount of chemical fertilizers has steadily declined. From the southern water town to the northern Xinjiang pasture, from the eastern coastal to the western plateau, agricultural development concept innovation, management system innovation, industrial support innovation, base platform, column beam, changing the traditional production methods, development concepts and technical equipment, Delineating the new path of modern agricultural development.
Develop concept innovation and solve the problem of "developing agriculture"
In June of this year, the second generation of potato taro was sold in several supermarkets in Beijing. As of the end of November, four pilot companies sold a total of 1,980,000 kilograms of potato staple food. The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has developed 6 series and nearly 300 kinds of potato staple products. More and more potato staple foods are on the table of the people.
The staple foodization of potatoes is a vivid manifestation of the great agricultural concept. Facing the entire land and resources, and developing food resources in multiple ways. Under the guidance of the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee this year, the peasants read the "Shan Hai Jing", sang the "Lincao Drama", and played the "fruit and vegetable card". The large-scale agricultural view of agriculture went to the breadth and depth to expand the space for agricultural development. The development of agriculture will not be an article on arable land, and it will also “go up the mountain and go to the sea†and face the entire country.
To improve the quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply system, it is necessary to establish a new concept of green production, structural optimization, quality improvement and efficiency. Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu said that it is necessary to speed up the "three transformations", from focusing on quantity to quantity and quality and efficiency, and promoting green development of agriculture; from focusing on food production to food, agriculture and feed, and big agriculture, to achieve Combining agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; from focusing on agricultural cultivation, to the whole process of planting and breeding, and promoting food security, quality and safety and ecological security.
Innovation in management system to solve the problem of "who is engaged in agriculture"
In Jiulong Village, Bengbu City, Sichuan Province, the entire village has 3,000 mu of land transferred to three large-scale business households. Huang Guanglun is one of them. He agreed with the villagers to rent 600 kilograms of rice per mu. This year, his business situation is very good. In addition to operating income, he can also obtain a scale operation subsidy of 400 yuan per mu. In Shangshui County, Henan Province, there is a “land nanny†Tianhua Planting Cooperative, which specializes in substituting for farmers. Liu Tianhua, chairman of the cooperative, said that the fee is 660 yuan per mu, providing one-stop service for grain production in two seasons a year. Farmers wait for the harvested food to be delivered to the door.
With the promotion of the reform of the “three powers separation†of rural contracted land, modern agricultural management methods such as various forms of moderate scale management have developed rapidly, and moderate scale operations represented by family farms, cooperatives, and large planters have emerged throughout the country. . In practice, there are many forms such as centralized land-based scale management through the transfer of management rights, and centralized service-oriented scale operation through the sharing of management rights. Under the new business entity, more farmers have been involved in modern agriculture. In the areas where a large number of young and middle-aged migrants and left-behind workers are reluctant to completely abandon their management rights, through the land-share cooperation, custody semi-mandatory, etc., the socialized service will drive the contracted farmers and service entities to share the management rights.
Industry supports innovation and solves the problem of "what to build agriculture"
Arming agriculture with modern equipment technology and improving the level of agricultural mechanization, science and technology, and informationization are the traditional core of agricultural support. At present, the effective irrigation rate of farmland exceeds 52%, and more than half of the farmland can achieve drought and flood protection; the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has reached 56%, and “depending on the sky†has been partially changed; the coverage rate of crop varieties is above 96%, and all grain crops are used. Achieved a new generation; the level of agricultural mechanization reached 65%.
To build a new kinetic energy for the industry, it is necessary to break the "two skins" of scientific research and the economy. "Before breeding, you are yours. I am my own. Researchers rarely share germplasm resources, only scattered exchanges. Now the top talents in breeding are brought together to coordinate the common problems of the whole industry. , Jiner went to a place." Referring to scientific research and innovation, the national rice industry technical system Wuhan comprehensive test station station tour Ai Qing is very touched.
In response to problems such as low efficiency of agricultural science and technology innovation resource allocation and unscientific division of labor, the Ministry of Agriculture and other departments have taken the lead in building the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance, breaking the boundaries of departments, disciplines and regions, selecting and sharing resources, improving supporting service functions, and improving sharing mechanisms. A substantial step has been taken. The alliance has solved many major scientific and technological problems in the industry through targeted research and development, shareholding cooperation, purchase, and technical support.
Agriculture not only includes the production of agricultural products, but also the processing of agricultural products and the circulation of agricultural products and leisure agriculture. The integration of rural one, two and three industries is to jump out of narrow-minded agriculture and restore all the functions of agriculture. Zong Jinyao, director of the Agricultural Products Processing Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, analyzed that in the past, a large number of agricultural products did not take into account processing and transformation, and the agricultural industrial chain and value chain were not fully realized. Promote the integration of rural one, two, and three industries, reverse the practice of relying solely on investment in agriculture, reverse the concept of agriculture as an industry, and closely link all links, which will greatly complement the “short board†of agriculture.
In the first year of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", looking back at the farmland and pastures on the land of China, the structural reform of the agricultural supply side has been completed, and the big game of agricultural upgrading is becoming more and more exciting.