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Nano Plastics Spider silk is one of the most advanced materials in nature. It has great strength but poor elasticity. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have now developed elastic nanocomposites that are comparable to spider silk. Applications for this nanocomposite can range from tear-resistant films to elastic fibers, as well as biomedical devices.
Another channel into the nanoworld is carbon nanotubes. The unique structure and properties of carbon nanotubes will have a huge impact on a variety of technologies, from microelectronics to solid state lighting sources, organic solar cells, and smart fibers. At present, people have been able to produce plastic solar cells that are comparable to silicon cells for research on organic photovoltaic cells. Future research will focus on improving the efficiency and durability of plastic solar cells.
The Konarka company's photovoltaic power generation technology is quite novel. This technique is based on the cold sintering of dye-sensitized photovoltaic materials (nano-sized absorbing silica) onto plastics. With this technology, visible and invisible light can be converted into current.
Scientists at the University of California and Los Angeles and Nanomix researchers have taken a different approach by using carbon nanotube transistors and polymers to create devices that can measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and human respiratory gases. This technology was first used in medical treatment to allow medical emergency personnel to immediately determine in the ambulance whether the breathing tube used to stabilize the disease has played a role. Pressure-sensitive adhesives based on carbon nanotube composites have also been used in areas such as electronic packaging and display assembly.
Innovative Polymers In addition to nano-polymers, there are many new plastic products that may be commercially produced in the near future. The Dutch company Polymer Vision, which is independent from Philips this year, has completed the research and development of flexible displays and reached an agreement with Telecom Italia to jointly develop a rollable screen for mobile phones. This new type of display was developed based on the flexibility of polymer semiconductor materials.
Semprius, a company independent from the University of Illinois, has developed a two-step process for the preparation of large-scale, high-performance electronic circuits. This electronic circuit can be used on thin plastic film surfaces.
Fossil fuels are an important source of carbon. New process routes from biorenewable resources to chemical intermediates to polymers are becoming an integral part of sustainable development strategies that conserve resources and energy. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have successfully converted polysaccharide corn to a polymer precursor 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) and used it as a substitute for petrochemical substrates for many In plastic.
Researchers at Cornell University in the United States have developed an advanced zinc-based catalyst. The catalyst is able to polymerize carbon dioxide and limonene oxide into polylimonene carbonate. In addition, researchers are still studying the transients in the milk fermentation process in order to find new ways to produce efficient bioplastics.
Researchers at Stanford University and a German research institute and at GE developed a novel hydrogel named “Duoptix†that utilizes the swelling properties of polymers. It can absorb 80% of its own mass of water. This transparent hydrogel, which allows penetration of nutrients, can be used to prepare artificial corneas and help the blind to recover. Other applications of Duoptix hydrogels are under development.
Application Potential In the field of nanotechnology, carbon nanotube-based polymeric materials will create their own era. The focus of its research is still on the premise of ensuring human health and environmental safety, developing special applications and commercial production of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotube technology will compete fiercely with silicon-based technologies. Researchers will work to develop technologies that use solar energy more efficiently. Flexible photovoltaic cells will be able to use both visible and invisible light, but the challenge is how to produce more powerful batteries and commercial production of photovoltaic cells.
Smart polymers will have a huge impact on bioengineering research as stimulus-response switches. Attention to polymer innovation will gradually shift from petroleum derivatives to plants and microorganisms. The development of additives for the synthesis of polymers and natural polymers and biopolymers in harsh environments is becoming a major issue for researchers.
The application of polymers to the aerospace industry is also an area of ​​future innovation. Polymers are not just used to make spacesuits and robots. A team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is studying how to get information and data from the small plastic detectors that carry sensors and cameras on the surface of Mars and other detectors to communicate with each other over the local area network and send the data back to Earth.
High-tech creates a new era of plastics application
Develop a material that can selectively kill viruses and germs; design a fabric that will be worn on the body without dust and dirt; use a special material to make a deformable miniature instrument. The surgeon places the blood vessels in the patient's body to accurately treat the lesion... What material can have such a magical character? The future of innovative plastic technology will turn people’s dreams into reality.