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First, the overall situation of the industry
Auto parts manufacturing has always been an important part of the Polish automobile industry. By the end of September 2004, the Polish auto industry had a total of 2,283 companies (including natural persons), of which 81% were auto parts manufacturers; by the middle of 2006, Poland The total number of companies in the automotive industry fell by 2,245, but 78.7% of companies still produce automotive parts. Most auto parts manufacturers have passed ISO/TS 6949 certification. Poland has a high technical standard and a wide range of automotive accessories, including more than 20 types of engines, gearboxes, cooling systems, batteries, brake systems, pistons, and oil pumps, including tires, seats, automotive electronics, cables, and brake systems. The world's leading manufacturers such as manufacturing, widely used in Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Opel, Porsche, Feng Si, Volkswagen, Fiat, Honda, Citroen and many other brands of cars. Polish auto parts not only meet the needs of domestic automobile production, but also export a lot.
In 2005, auto parts production companies became the main force in the growth of the wave automobile industry. The number of new employees in the industry reached 63,600. It is estimated that the production of auto parts will further increase in 2006-2008, mainly due to the auto industry’s In the internationalization division, more than 100 foreign auto companies have invested in Polish auto parts manufacturing, making it the fastest growing and most stable industry in Polish auto industry.
Second, industry characteristics
1. The proportion of auto parts output in the wave automobile industry rises and the importance is further increased
In the middle of 1998-2005, the structure of the Polish automobile industry has changed significantly. In 1997, the sales value of vehicle sales accounted for 83% of the industry's total production value, and the production of parts and components only accounted for 14.7%. By 2005, the sales value of vehicle sales fell to no. To 54%, while the proportion of parts and components production rose to 42.6%, the importance of further increase.
Polish automotive industry sub-sector sales output statistics
Unit: Billion US Dollars
2000
2001
year 2002
Year 2003
year 2004
2005
Vehicle
47.13
38.39
36.61
50.13
90.55
106.72
Body and trailer
1.72
1.76
1.89
2.70
4.11
9.72
automobile parts
17.70
22.49
26.04
37.66
61.01
71.24
total
66.55
62.64
64.55
90.49
155.67
187.68
Source: Statistics Poland.
Note: From 2000 to 2005, the average exchange rate of USD against zloty is 1 = 4.35, 1 = 4.09, 1 = 4.07, 1 = 3.89, 1 = 3.65, 1 = 3.23.
2. The profit rate of auto parts is the highest in wave automobile industry and the best
In 2005, the Polish automotive industry's industry cost index was 93, and the industry's average profit margin was 4.34%, of which, the auto parts production profit margin was 6.44%, which was the highest in the industry and the best.
3. Imports and exports of parts and components account for most foreign trade in automotive products.
The Polish automobile industry occupies an extremely important position in the foreign trade of foreign trade. In addition to the large trade volume, it is also a rare trade with a large surplus in foreign trade. In 2005, the import and export of Poland's auto industry exceeded US$23.5 billion (of which US$14 billion was exported, US$9.5 billion was imported, which was an increase of 114.8% and 103%, respectively), which accounted for almost 10% of Poland’s entire foreign trade. Exports and imports of automotive parts and components (including diesel engines) accounted for the majority of imports and exports of auto-commodity products, with a share of 58% and 53.4% ​​respectively, achieving a surplus of US$1.689 billion.
The EU is the main trading partner for the import and export of Poland's automotive products. Bilateral automotive goods trade accounts for about 80% of the total trade volume of Polish automobile products.
Polish automotive product import and export classification statistics
Unit: Million Dollars
Product category
Export
import
Year 2003
year 2004
2005
Year 2003
year 2004
2005
Passenger cars and passenger and cargo vehicles
2246.3
4228.4
5379.8
3356
3440.2
3031.1
car parts
4233.2
6434
6742.9
1733.1
4486.6
5053.7
truck
230.1
856.2
1052.2
697.5
768.9
818
trailer
660.2
265.8
362.3
288.7
404.5
347.8
Buses
209.9
445
511.9
41.4
57.9
87.8
Special purpose vehicles
9.2
-
-
39.3
42.9
-
Chassis
5.7
-
-
18
-
124.9
total
7594.6
12229.4
14049.1
6174
9201
9463.3
Source: Statistics Poland. Note: Automotive parts include diesel engines.
Third, the use of foreign investment
At present, more than 100 foreign companies have invested in Polish auto parts manufacturing. Among the famous multinational corporations are Toyota (producing the famous D-4D diesel engine and gearbox in Boeing) and Fiat-Universal Powertrain (in the wave Production of low-emission diesel engines, Isuzu (production engines), Volkswagen (production of engines and complete vehicles) and Delphi Automotive Systems.
Not only has a large number of foreign investment in the traditional auto parts industry influx, many foreign automobile production supplies companies have also invested in Poland to show their skills: such as Pilkington invested 236 million US dollars to establish automotive glass production plants, Michelin, Stone Bridge and Goodyear III Big tire manufacturers invested 473 million, 221 million and 200 million U.S. dollars to build tire factories.
According to the Polish Bureau of Information and Foreign Investment, not only multinationals and large companies, many foreign SMEs have also invested in Polish auto parts industry.
Statistics on major foreign investment in Polish auto parts industry (as of the end of 2004)
Unit: Million Dollars
Rank
investors
Investment amount
1
public
873.1
2
Toyota
507.1
3
Michelin
473
4
Fiat-Universal Actuators
450
5
Delphi Automotive Systems
380
6
Pilkington
235.8
7
Bridgestone Corp.
221
8
FAURECIA
204.3
9
Goodyear Luxembourg SA
200
10
Ispol-IMG (Isuzu's holding company)
192.7
11
Eaton
125
12
Lear Corporation
89.5
13
Trelleborg AB
62.9
14
Tenneco Global Holding
36
15
Federal Mogul Holding
33.7
16
WABCO Europe BV
32.6
17
M.Kutsch Projectgesellschaft
25.8
18
Autoliv AB
16.8
19
Dana Corporation
14
20
Tokai Rubber Industries Ltd.
12.2
twenty one
Lisa Draexlmaier GmbH
8.5
twenty two
Caterpillar Inc.
3
twenty three
Mitsui & Co. Deutschland
2.7
twenty four
Metzeler Italy
2.6
25
Bitron International SA
2.6
26
WAS Wietmarscher
2.3
27
Aligator Ventil
1.1
total
4208.3
Source: Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency
Note: 1. Including investment in automobile tire production
2. Volkswagen Investment covers engine and vehicle production
The main reasons for the investment in Polish auto parts industry are:
1. Good location
Poland is located in central Europe, and is close to Germany, the Czech Republic and other major automobile manufacturers and consumers. Poland's auto parts companies have unique conditions for cooperation with neighboring European auto-producing countries such as Germany and the Czech Republic. In particular, the zero-tariff free flow of goods within the EU after the accession to the Union created a rare and broad market space for the development of the Polish auto parts industry.
2. Obvious advantages in labor costs and other operating costs
Poland is the country with the largest labor force in China and Europe. The unemployment rate is high, which makes Polish labor prices low and labor convenience. In January 2006, the average monthly wage of Polish general auto workers was 2205 PLN, which was only 5% higher than the previous year. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) figures, the average remuneration per hour worked in Poland was only one-fifth of that of Western European countries in 2004. Since 2003, the wage levels in the Czech Republic and Hungary have started to exceed Poland, and the wage increase trend is also high in the future. In Poland.
Poland is also the youngest country in the population structure of China and Europe. Half of the population is younger than 35 and 35% of the population is younger than 25 years old. Nearly half of Polish young people aged 20-24 have received higher education. According to Ernst & Young's report, the Polish workforce is of high quality and ranks fifth in the world (after Germany, the United Kingdom, France and the Nordic region). According to the OECD’s Employment Outlook 2005 (OECD), Poles are second only to South Korea in terms of their hard work. In 2004, their average working time was 1957 hours a year, 600 hours more than France and Germany. It is also higher than the Central and Eastern European countries in other OECD countries such as Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary.
In addition, the corporate income tax rate in Poland is 19%, which is the lowest tax rate in Europe.
Therefore, considering the combination of labor costs, labor productivity, convenience of employment, and corporate taxation, Poland's operating costs are more advantageous than Western European countries. At the same time, the time required to start a business is often shorter than in neighboring countries. It takes an average of 31 days for a company, 38 days for Hungary, and 40 for the Czech Republic.
According to the Boston Consulting Group, moving the auto parts industry (from Western Europe) to Poland will at least reduce costs by 20-30% (mainly due to labor and raw material savings). The Boston Consulting Group even believes that car production in Poland is more profitable than China.
3. Sustained growth in vehicle production and significant industrial clustering effect
Poland has always been one of the major European automobile manufacturers. In 2006, it produced 714,600 vehicles of various kinds, which was a 16.5% increase over the previous year, ranking second among 10 countries in the new league (after the Czech Republic), Fiat, Volkswagen, Toyota, Isuzu, General Motors, Volvo, MAN, and other auto giants invested and built factories in Poland, consciously or unconsciously encouraging their cooperative companies to follow in Poland; this industrial clustering effect, like snowballing, has enabled more and more auto parts production, The sales companies set up factories and opened operations in Poland, so that the scale and level of the industry will continue to expand and increase.
In 2004 Poland was named one of the three countries with the best localization of auto parts.
4. Large motor vehicle ownership and huge potential for component consumption
In 2005, the number of motor vehicles in Poland was 16,815,900, of which, the number of passenger cars and trucks were 12,33,400 and 2,340,500, respectively, which were 2.35 times and 2.21 times respectively in 1990. In recent years, the Polish economy has continued to grow. The average annual growth rate of GDP is twice that of Western European countries, and the purchasing power of residents and society continues to increase. Poland's auto consumption is expected to further expand. After the accession to the EU, the import of second-hand cars in Poland increased sharply (from May 2004 to June 2006, Poland imported about 1.7 million used cars), and the large number of used cars objectively increased the market demand for auto parts. .
Fourth, the relevant legal environment and industry development prospects
The basic legal framework followed by the Polish automobile market is EU Directive 1400. According to the “Motor Transport Institute†of Poland, “At present, for passenger cars, the national standards and requirements of Poland are completely consistent with EU standards, and market access certificates are mutually recognized and valid within the European Union. Cars and auto parts sold separately, EU countries including Poland implement the national standards of various countries, and corresponding inspection certificates are only valid in the country, and mutual recognition within the EU has not yet been achieved." However, from the actual situation reflected by the company, Poland is currently not very strict on the market access management of auto parts.
The continuous integration and transfer of the world automobile industry due to its cost advantage and market orientation will create a good opportunity and huge space for the development of the Polish automobile and parts industry. It is expected that it will still be the Polish auto parts industry in 5-10 years. A faster period of development.
Note: The auto parts mentioned in this article are general concepts. They not only cover the traditionally defined automobile parts and components, but also include the engine, car seat belts, doors, bumpers and other automotive products (except car chassis).