Forming cutters can perform milling operations on the forming surface of a workpiece at one time. The correctness of its edge shape has a decisive influence on the shape, accuracy and roughness of the workpiece surface. The shape of the edge of the forming cutter depends on the shape of the workpiece. Due to the irregularity of the workpiece profile and the diversity of the type of the milling cutter, the look-up table during design, the calculation and drawing work are heavy and the procedure is cumbersome. Due to the similarity of different specifications of tools, the repetitive work in the design is also quite a lot. To this end, the author developed a computer-aided design system for machining straight groove spade forming cutters on a microcomputer. The system adopts an interactive design method. Only the workpiece profile and a few necessary parameters can be input. Through the man-machine dialogue, all the design work of the blade-shaped milling cutter from the rake face design, structure design to the working drawing can be completed. Through other editing software, design data can also be modified. First, the system composition, application environment and module functions 1. System configuration <br> shovel form milling cutter CAD system block diagram of the overall configuration shown in Figure 1. Fig.1 Overall block diagram of the cutter CAD cutter system 2. Application Environment <br> system uses C language as the master control program (screen) and computer program design language, using the drawing program Autolisp language, operating system platform Windows95, Windows95 and using editing software to edit the program provided by using AutoCADR13 Debug drawing program. 3. Module Function (1) Main Control Module This module is the total scheduler of the system. It can select the corresponding function according to different instructions issued by the user. Second, the derivation of the formula 　　 Due to space limitations, this paper only deduces the calculation formula of the main declination angle in the rake face processing module, the coordinate calculation formula of the post-deflection point of the workpiece profile, and the shovel-grinding interference verification formula in the structural design module. 1. <br> main angle calculated in the AutoCAD state, the computer automatically entering angle confirmed two endpoints is difficult, for an input coordinate points by interactive mode, according to the computer calculates the coordinates of the input point. Figure 2 The four conditions on the left side of the workpiece profile (2) Computation of the right end declination angle As above, the main declination angle of the right end of the workpiece profile is also divided into four cases, as shown in FIG. 3 . Among them, a and b are concave shapes; c and d are convex shapes. Figure 3 The right side of the workpiece profile in four cases Available from Figure 3: a: κr=3π/2-α 2. Coordinates workpiece profile coordinate system disposed offset is determined before <br> workpiece profile biased oxy, before biased coordinates (x, y); the offset coordinate system o'x'y ′′, the offset point coordinates are (x′, y′); the offset angle is β (β>0°) or β′ (β′=-β). Figure 4 Coordinate conversion at positive declination (2) When β'<0°, as shown in Figure 5, there is X=-AB Figure 5 Coordinate Conversion at Negative Deflection Angle It can be seen that the expressions of X′ and Y′ are the same regardless of whether the offset angle is a positive angle or a negative angle. 3. Grinding interference check <br> from the literature [3] known, when the minimum outer diameter of the grinding wheel to interfere In the formula, xb, xa, yb, ya, αan and other related parameters are the same as those in [3]. The calculation principle is shown in Figure 6. Need to add that the polar angle at point a is φ=π/Zk The polar angle of b is Θb=2π/Zk+θ1 The b-point polar angle caused by γf is Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the calculation principle of the shovel grinding interference analysis Third, application examples 　　 To confirm the practicality of the CAD system, the following application examples are given in this paper. The profile of the workpiece is slightly omitted. The allowable tolerance for forming surface profile milling is 0.1 mm and the surface roughness requirement is Ra 3.2 μm. The results of the forming cutter design are shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 Shape cutter design results
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(2) The rake face processing module is usually different in shape and irregular due to the shape of the forming cutter. Therefore, for the general CAD system of the cutter tooth forming cutter, the rake face processing module is required to perform the processing of the workpiece profile. Processing to obtain the basic parameters and rake face profile necessary for the original design. The process is to use AutoCAD to provide block production function, the workpiece profile rotation (offset), extended, made into a special block stored on disk, for drawing calls, and the calculation program required data and program drawing required Data is stored in disk data files. At design time, the user is required to input the profile of the workpiece and other requirements to the module first, and then input the coordinates of the master deviation angle control points at both ends. The realization of the function of the module can be divided into the following steps: calculation of the main declination angle; comparison of the main declination angle at both ends and calculation of the offset angle; determination of the coordinate after offset of the workpiece profile; extension of the two ends; width of each point of the cutter tooth profile and Depth dimension calculations; data processing and storage; rake blade production.
(3) Structural design module When the module is used, the user only needs to input the rake angle of the milling cutter. The width and depth of each tooth point are read from the data file of the rake face processing module. The remaining data are calculated by the computer based on the empirical formula. The empirical data is calculated or selected, and verified according to various calculation methods, and then stored in the data file.
(4) Drawing module This module can draw the working drawing of the tool according to the design result and automatically mark the dimensions, tolerances and technical requirements. For the two cases of the front corner of the rake, the zero rake angle is treated as a special case of the positive rake angle without additional programming. The module is an open structure. After the work drawing is completed, it does not exit the AutoCAD drawing state. The user can modify the work drawing at any time according to the processing requirements.
(1) Calculation of the left end declination angle According to the machining conditions and the milling process requirements, the left end of the workpiece profile is divided into four cases, as shown in Fig. 2. Among them, a and b are concave shapes, and c and d are convex shapes. In the figure, x and y are user coordinate systems, and α is the angle between the horizontal line and the left end point and the main declination control point (determined by the Autolisp command). Since the profile is composed of arcs and lines, there are two ways to enter the main declination control point (the other point is the left end point): if the profile is a straight line, input any point except the left endpoint; if the profile is Arc, enter the center of the circle. From Figure 2 available:
a: κr=α-3π/2
b in: κr=α
c: κr=π/2-α
d: κr=2π-α 
b in: κr=π-α
c: κr=α-π/2
d: κr=α-π
(1) When β>0°, as shown in Figure 4, there is X=-AD
Y=OD
X'=-AB=-(AE+BE)=-ADcosβ-DF
=-ADcosβ-ODsinβ=Xcosβ-Ysinβ
Y'=O'B=O'F-BF=O'F-DE
=ODcosβ-ADsinβ=Ycosβ+Xsinβ 
Y=OB
X'=-AD=-(AF-DF)=-AF+BE
=-ABcosβ′+OBsinβ′=Xcosβ′+Ysinβ′
=Xcos(-β)+Ysin(-β)=Xcosβ-Ysinβ
Y'=O'D=OE+ED=OE+FB
=OBcosβ′+ABsinβ′=Ycosβ′-Xsinβ′
=Ycos(-β)-Xsin(-β)=Ycosβ+Xsinβ 
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